易红梅、刘承芳、张林秀及其合作者近期在JDE、BMJ等期刊上发表的SCI\SSCI文章

发布日期：2014/12/04　　来源： ccap

文章1：早期资助承诺对我国农村贫困学生的影响及其机理研究

Hongmei Yi, Yingquan Song, Chengfang Liu, Xiaoting Huang, Linxiu Zhang, Yunli Bai, Baoping Ren,Yaojiang Shi, Prashant Loyalka, James Chu, Scott Rozelle. Giving kids a head start: The impact and mechanisms of early commitment of financial aid on poor students in rural China, Journal of Development Economics, 113 (2015): 1-15.

本文评估了两个早期资助承诺项目对我国农村贫困初中生学业的影响。其中一个项目是在学生刚上初中时（7年级）给予承诺，另一个项目是在学生即将完成初中学业时（9年级）给予承诺。分析结果显示，两类资助承诺均没有对学生产生实质性的影响。对9年级学生给予资助承诺仅将学生高中入学率增加了一点点（甚至可以忽略不计）；而对7年级学生的资助承诺既没有降低学生在初中阶段的辍学率，也没有提高他们的标准化数学考试成绩。但是，7年级打算上高中的学生增加了15%。通过分析对9年级学生的资助承诺为什么没有显著改变他们的行为，我们发现，竞争性的教育体系已经对学生进行了优胜劣汰。一个学生如果上到了9年级，无论是否有资助，他们都会去上高中。而进一步审视7年级早期资助承诺项目的影响，我们发现，尽管这些学生改变了他们的上学志愿，但是他们的成绩与实现他们的志愿差距巨大，我们认为他们是“理想主义者”。

We estimate the impact of two early commitment of financial aid (ECFA) programs—one at the start and one near the end of junior high school (seventh and ninth grades, respectively)—on the outcomes of poor, rural junior high students in China. Our results demonstrate that neither of the ECFA programs has a substantive effect. We find that the ninth-grade program had at most only a small (and likely negligible) effect on matriculation to high school. The seventh-grade program had no effect on either dropout rates during junior high school or on educational performance as measured by a standardized math test. The seventh-grade program did increase the plans of students to attend high school by 15%. In examining why ECFA was not able to motivate significant behavioral changes for ninth graders, we argue that the competitiveness of the education system successfully screened out poorer performing students and promoted better performing students. Thus by the ninth grade, the remaining students were already committed to going to high school regardless of ECFA support. In regards to the results of the seventh grade program, we show how seventh graders appear to be engaged in wishful thinking (they appear to change plans without reference to whether their plans are realistic).


文章2：免费发放眼镜对学生学业成绩的影响——基于随机干预实验的研究

Xiaochen Ma, Zhongqiang Zhou, Hongmei Yi, Xiaopeng Pang, Yaojiang Shi, Qianyun Chen, Mirjam E Meltzer, Saskia le Cessie, Mingguang He, Scott Rozelle, Yizhi Liu, Nathan Congdon. Effect of providing free glasses on children’s educational outcomes in China: cluster randomized controlled trial, British Medical Journal, (9)2014:1-12.

本研究的主要目标是评估为我国农村近视学生提供免费眼镜对他们学业表现的影响。我们采于2012-2013年期间在我国西部两市252所农村小学19934名四、五年级学生中的3177名近视学生（任一裸眼视力低于6/12，且通过戴眼镜可以矫正到6/12以上）中进行了一项随机控制试验。我们将这些近视学生以学校为单位随机分为三组，分别是控制组（1036个学生，32.6%）、免费眼镜券组（988个学生，31.1%）和免费眼镜组（1153个学生，36.3%）。 基线调查时，仅有15%的近视学生配戴了眼镜，矫正比例非常低。评估时，我们发现，免费眼镜组观察到的和自我报告的眼镜配戴率分别为41%和68%；控制组分别为26%和37%。对照免费组与控制组发现，提供免费眼镜对学生数学成绩的影响为0,11个标准差（95%的置信区间为0.01-0.21）。多元回归模型结果显示，提供免费眼镜的影响（0.10,0.002-0.19）比父母教育水平（0.03，-0.04-0.09）或家庭资产（0.01，-0.06-0.08）的影响还要大。因此，我们认为，尽管不是所有拿到免费眼镜的学生都配戴了眼镜，但是提供免费眼镜显著提高了中国农村地区学生的数学成绩。

Objective To assess the effect of provision of free glasses on academic performance in rural Chinese children with myopia.
Design Cluster randomized, investigator masked, controlled trial.
Setting 252 primary schools in two prefectures in western China, 2012-13.
Participants 3177 of 19 934 children in fourth and fifth grades (mean age 10.5 years) with visual acuity <6/12 in either eye without glasses correctable to >6/12 with glasses. 3052 (96.0%) completed the study.
Interventions Children were randomized by school (84 schools per arm) to one of three interventions at the beginning of the school year: prescription for glasses only (control group), vouchers for free glasses at a local facility, or free glasses provided in class.
Main outcome measures Spectacle wear at endline examination and end of year score on a specially designed mathematics test, adjusted for baseline score and expressed in standard deviations.
Results Among 3177 eligible children, 1036 (32.6%) were randomized to control, 988 (31.1%) to vouchers, and 1153 (36.3%) to free glasses in class. All eligible children would benefit from glasses, but only 15% wore them at baseline. At closeout glasses wear was 41% (observed) and 68% (self reported) in the free glasses group, and 26% (observed) and 37% (self reported) in the controls. Effect on test score was 0.11 SD (95% confidence interval 0.01 to 0.21) when the free glasses group was compared with the control group. The adjusted effect of providing free glasses (0.10, 0.002 to 0.19) was greater than parental education (0.03, −0.04 to 0.09) or family wealth (0.01, −0.06 to 0.08). This difference between groups was significant, but was smaller than the prespecified 0.20 SD difference that the study was powered to detect.
Conclusions The provision of free glasses to Chinese children with myopia improves children’s performance on mathematics testing to a statistically significant degree, despite imperfect compliance, although the observed difference between groups was smaller than the study was originally designed to detect. Myopia is common and rarely corrected in this setting.
Trial Registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN03252665.


文章3：我国农村居民视力及农村地区视力保健服务体系现状调查

Yunli Bai, Hongmei Yi, Linxiu Zhang, Yaojiang Shi, Xiaochen Ma, Nathan Congdon, Zhongqiang Zhou, Matthew Boswell, Scott Rozelle. An investigation of vision problems and vision care system in rural China, Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 6(2014):1464-1473.
本研究旨在评估我国农村地区的视力问题以及视力保健服务的可及性和服务质量。为了实现这一目标，本研究使用了作者在2012年收集的4套数据：（1）全国农村视力保健调查；（2）私人眼镜店调查；（3）县医院眼科调查；（4）农村学校视力保健调查。结果显示，33%的农村居民自报告视力不良，但仅有22%的居民进行过视力检查。在自报告视力不良的居民中，34%的没有眼镜。在自报告视力不良且戴眼镜的农村居民中，54%的居民在配戴眼镜之前没有进行过视力检查。然而，即使进行视力检查也不能保证获得的视力保健服务质量可靠。我们也评估了农村地区常见的4种视力保健渠道，结果发现，学校视力检查并没有提高学生的戴镜率；县医院平均仅有3名受教育年限仅比高中多一年的眼科医生，这3名眼科医生要为县域范围内约40万人服务；而私人眼镜店验光师的受教育水平和验光资质都比较低。因此，本研究认为我国农村地区视力保健服务不足，不能有效满足样本地区农村居民的需要。

This paper examines the prevalence of vision problems and the ac¬cessibility to and quality of vision care in rural China. We obtained data from 4 sources: 1) the National Rural Vision Care Survey; 2) the Private Optometrists Survey; 3) the County Hospital Eye Care Survey; and 4) the Rural School Vision Care Survey. The data from each of the surveys were collected by the authors during 2012. Thirty-three percent of the rural population surveyed self-reported vision problems. Twenty-two percent of subjects surveyed had ever had a vision exam. Among those who self-reported having vision problems, 34% did not wear eyeglasses. Fifty-four percent of those with vision problems who had eyeglasses did not have a vision exam prior to receiving glasses. However, having a vision exam did not always guarantee access to quality vision care. Four channels of vision care service were assessed. The school vision examination program did not increase the usage rate of eyeglasses. Each county-hospital was staffed with three eye-doctors having one year of education beyond high school, serving more than 400,000 residents. Private optometrists often had low levels of education and professional certification. In conclusion, our findings shows that the vision care system in rural China is inadequate and ineffective in meeting the needs of the rural population sampled.

文章下载：BMJ_Vision&education.pdf
                  JDE_VOUCHER.pdf
                  SAJTMPH_vision care.pdf