Professor Huang Jikun: To fully implement the rural revitalization strategy by solidly and steadily promoting rural construction

Release date：2022/03/02　　Source： Rural Work Newsletter

Rural construction concerns the vital interests of farmers, agricultural modernization and long-term rural development. The full implementation of the rural revitalization strategy requires solid progress in rural construction. The No. 1 Central Document in 2022 emphasizes the solid progress of rural construction, and makes specific arrangements for the implementation mechanism of rural construction, improvement of rural living environment, infrastructure construction in key areas, digital village construction, and county-level coordination of basic public services. A few days ago, Professor Huang Jikun, Dean of the New Rural Development Research Institute of Peking University, combined with the latest research results of the team, expounded his views in detail in the "Rural Work Newsletter".

Improve the implementation mechanism of rural construction
A sound implementation mechanism must be in place to steadily and steadily promote rural construction. Only by implementing rural construction projects that are more suitable for local actual needs, and giving full play to the enthusiasm and initiative of farmers and villages in rural construction, can rural construction be multiplied with half the effort. Therefore, a sound implementation mechanism is an important guarantee for effectively promoting the improvement of rural living environment, rural infrastructure construction, digital village construction and the supply of basic public services; only by establishing and improving the implementation mechanism for rural construction can we ensure that rural construction is built for farmers. , to ensure the construction effectiveness and orderly progress of rural construction. 
In order to steadily and steadily promote rural construction, the No. 1 document in 2022 places special emphasis on the implementation mechanism of rural construction. Compared with the previous Central No. 1 document, this year, more attention is paid to the needs of farmers, with special emphasis on "requirements for rural revitalization for farmers and rural construction for farmers", and clearly put forward the requirements of "bottom-up, villager autonomy, and farmers' participation". implementation mechanism. In terms of implementation, it is particularly pointed out that it is necessary to "accelerate the preparation of village plans for villages with conditions and needs", and clearly put forward "starting the implementation plan for rural construction actions", "preventing village-level debt risks", "promoting the approval of small-scale construction projects in villages", "clear and clear" The property rights of rural construction projects shall be organized in the county as a unit to organize the compilation of a list of responsibility for the management and protection of village public infrastructure” and other specific measures. In terms of protecting traditional villages, it is proposed that this year's focus will be on the implementation of the "Old House Saving Action".
Although significant progress has been made in rural construction in various places in recent years, we also found that there are still large differences between many construction projects and the urgent needs of farmers. According to a survey of 1,768 households in 169 administrative villages in 5 provinces by the China Agricultural Policy Research Center of Peking University in January 2022 (referred to as Peking University survey), the top 5 projects that farmers most urgently need to build in their villages are road transportation, pension, Health care, education and drinking water, but the projects actually implemented in 2019-2021, except for road transportation (accounting for 46% of the total rural construction funds in the village), other projects are far from the needs of farmers. Even though the road traffic construction projects are generally in the same order as the farmers' demand and willingness, the top three construction projects that the farmers most hope for are the roads leading to the village, the bus stops and the roads within the group, which are quite different from the actual construction projects. . Of course, the needs of farmers in different regions are also very different.
In order to implement the general requirement of "rural revitalization for farmers and rural construction for farmers", rural construction projects need to be adapted to local conditions and organically combined with the urgent needs of local farmers. Therefore, it is extremely important to fully consider the actual needs of farmers, give full play to their enthusiasm, and adhere to the principle of "bottom-up, villager autonomy, and farmers' participation", and it is extremely important to scientifically plan the short-term, medium- and long-term development of rural construction suitable for each village. This requires local governments to change the previous "top-to-bottom" operation mechanism in the planning and implementation of rural construction projects, and summarize and promote effective practices for farmers to participate in rural construction projects.
Continue to implement the five-year action to improve the rural living environment
Building beautiful and livable villages is one of the important tasks to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. It is related to the fundamental well-being of farmers and is an important measure to narrow the gap between urban and rural areas and achieve urban-rural integration. However, due to the limited supply of basic public services in rural areas, priority is given to infrastructure construction closely related to production and life, and the supply of infrastructure for human settlements has been insufficient for a long time. Although investment has been increased in recent years and the rural living environment has been continuously improved, the overall rural living environment is still at a relatively low level. 
Strengthening the improvement of rural living environment is one of the focus directions of the central policy in recent years. Following the "Three-Year Action Plan for Rural Living Environment Improvement" in 2018, the No. 1 document in 2021 proposed the "Five-Year Action for Rural Living Environment Improvement and Improvement", and continued to pay attention to rural toilets, sewage, black and odorous water bodies, domestic waste, and villages. Clean and green actions; on this basis, the 2022 Central Document No. 1 clearly pointed out that "the five-year action to improve the rural living environment improvement" was clearly stated, and the focus of this year's work was clarified: in terms of toilet improvement, it was emphasized that "from In terms of sewage treatment, “prioritize the management of population-concentrated villages”; in terms of domestic waste, it emphasizes “separation and reduction of domestic waste at source, and promoting local utilization and treatment”; in terms of village cleaning and beautification, “deeply implement village Cleanup and Landscaping."
From the research of Peking University, although the improvement of rural living environment in recent years has achieved remarkable results and the overall living environment has been significantly improved, there are still some practical problems such as insufficient rectification and large regional differences. By the end of 2021, 90% of farmers have used sanitary toilets, and 95% of farmers have centrally disposed of domestic waste, basically forming a "village collection - township transfer - county disposal" model, and the appearance of the village has been significantly improved. However, there are large regional differences. In some areas, rural toilets do not meet the needs of farmers, and the utilization of manure resources is low. In the process of village appearance management, there is still a situation of "emphasizing face and ignoring sanity". In most areas, the source classification of domestic waste has not yet been established, the treatment of domestic sewage is slow, and the treatment of black and odorous water bodies is difficult.
In order to continue to implement the five-year action to improve the rural living environment, it is necessary to promote the living environment facilities that meet the local natural conditions and farmers' needs according to local conditions. In terms of toilets, it is necessary to rectify the existing problems according to the actual situation "if water is suitable for water, and drought is suitable for drought"; in terms of sewage, areas with conditions and needs should be included in the urban sewage pipe network or self-built sewage pipe network facilities, which are not suitable for Centralized processing to promote miniaturization ecology